![]() ![]() While phytosterols are common in plants, they typically exist at low concentrations. This gives phytosterols the ability to reduce serum cholesterol, as well as low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in humans known risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among these, phytosterols are plant steroids that are important to human health as their structure and function is similar to that of cholesterol, which is an integral compound in human and animal cell membranes. In addition, canola oil contains high amounts of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, phytosterols, tocopherols and other antioxidants, and is also a rich source of vitamin E. ![]() The presence of acetate at sn3 of glycerol give MAcDG unique properties and function among them cold tolerance or cryoprotection during low temperature stress. The structure of MAcDG is characterized by acetate at the sn3 position of the glycerol moiety. MAcDG has so far been observed in various species including cold tolerant insects, deer antlers and moose meat. As such, several recent patents have been granted for the use of MAcDG as the active ingredients in functional food formulations. Recently, a unique form of triglyceride reported as monoacetyldiacylglycerol (MAcDG) has been gaining interest in the scientific community due to its potential applications in suppressing tumor growth, and treating inflammation-based illnesses such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. Based on the composition (carbon number) of the FAs, triglycerides can be further classified as short chain, medium chain and long chain triglycerides. Canola seed oil consist mainly of triglycerides which is an ester composed of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of FAs esterified at each stereospecific numbered carbon ( sn1, sn2 and sn3) positions respectively of the glycerol moiety. Both omega-3 and omega-6 FAs are known as essential FAs that must be obtained from dietary sources such as canola, and are important in maintaining cardiovascular health, brain development, as well as modulating the immune response in human. The polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) content in canola are made up of omega-3 (n3PUFA) and omega-6 (n6PUFA). The popularity and extensive use of canola in the food sector has resulted in the canola crop and industry rapidly expanding over the past 40 years, rising from the sixth largest oilseed crop to the second largest, in the world.Īpproximately 93% of the fats in canola are unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) which have been reported to reduce blood cholesterol levels. It is also one of the most widely used sources of biofuel. In fact, canola is the highest value oilseed crop grown in Canada contributing about $26.7 billion dollars to the Canadian economy and is used in dietary supplementation in the form of salad dressing, baking, stir-fries, and margarines. Canola is known to contain about 45% oil, and the meal remaining after oil extraction contains about 40% protein. The term ‘rapeseed’ refer to both high and low glucosinolate/erucic acid varieties used for edible and industrial applications. Our results contribute significantly to the understanding of lipid accumulation in the world's second most important oil crop when cultivated in a boreal or northern climate.Ĭanola ( Brassica napus L.) is a member of the crucifer or rapeseed family developed in Canada by Keith Downey and Baldur Steffanson in 1975, by traditional plant breeding techniques as a low glucosinolate (e.g., 3-butenyl glucosinolate, 4-pentenyl glucosinolate, 2-hydroxy-3 butenyl glucosinolate, and 2-hydroxy-4-pentenyl glucosinolate) and euric acid (2%) rapeseed crop variety. We further demonstrated that a non-solvent based extraction method retained the novel lipid composition without reducing the quality of oil being produced. The presence of monoacetyldiacylglycerol (MAcDG), a unique class of triglyceride, is reported for the first time in canola cultivated in a boreal climate, and has the potential to reduce the risk of obesity and other health related diseases. Results indicate that canola cultivated in boreal climatic conditions had approximately twice the levels of omega-3 FA (17-20%) compared to canola from other growing areas (9%). We investigated whether boreal climate (7.5-17.2 ☌) favorably altered the FA composition of canola. ![]() The average fatty acid (FA) composition of canola oil is made up of 62% oleic acid (C18:1n9), 19% linoleic acid (C18:2n6), 9% linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and 7% saturated FA (SFA). ![]()
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